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This Subpart prescribes the instruments and equipment required for aircraft.
A holder of an air operator certificate must ensure that an air operation does not commence unless—
(1) the aircraft is equipped—
(i) with the type of instruments and equipment required by Part 91 and this Subpart; and
(ii) with the number of instruments and equipment to ensure that the failure of any independent system required for either communication or navigation purposes, or both, does not result in an inability to communicate and navigate safely as required for the route being flown; and
(2) the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft comply with the specifications and airworthiness design standards listed in—
(i) Appendix B to this Part; or
(ii) Appendix B to Part 125; or
(iii) Appendix C to Part 21; or
(iv) Part 26; or
(v) alternative specifications or standards acceptable to the Director; and
(3) the instruments and equipment have been installed in accordance with the aircraft manufacturer’s instructions or other instructions acceptable to the Director; and
(4) except as may be provided by a MEL approved under rule 91.539 for use for the aircraft, the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft are in operable condition.
A holder of an air operator certificate must ensure that every aircraft that is operated under the authority of the certificate is equipped with a shoulder harness or single diagonal shoulder belt for each flight crew member seat.
Each holder of an air operator certificate must ensure that each of its aircraft is equipped with—
(1) the powerplant instruments required by the airworthiness design standards in paragraph (a)(1)(i) or (iv) of Appendix C of Part 21; and
(2) a means of indicating for each reversible pitch propeller, actuated by the propeller blade angle or directly responsive to it, that the propeller is in beta range or reverse pitch.
Each holder of an air operator certificate must ensure that each of its aircraft operated at night is equipped with—
(1) a landing light; and
(2) a light in each passenger compartment.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b), a holder of an air operator certificate must ensure that every aircraft that is operated under IFR under the authority of the certificate is equipped with—
(1) the following in addition to, and independent of, the instruments and equipment required under Subpart F of Part 91:
(i) a means of indicating airspeed, calibrated in knots, with a means of preventing malfunctioning due to either condensation or icing:
(ii) a means of indicating sensitive pressure altitude calibrated in feet; and
(2) spare bulbs for flight compartment instrument illumination; and
(3) spare fuses.
(b) An additional means of indicating aircraft attitude, powered by a power source that is separate from the power source for the attitude indication required under Subpart F of Part 91, may be installed instead of the additional means of indicating air speed required by paragraph (a)(1)(i).
Each holder of an air operator certificate must ensure that—
(1) notwithstanding the seat breaks in rules 91.523(a) and (b), each of its aircraft is equipped with the emergency equipment referred to in rule 91.523; and
(2) the requirements in rules 91.523(d) and (e) are met for the equipment required by subparagraph (1).
A holder of an air operator certificate must ensure that each of its helicopters is equipped with a cockpit voice recorder if—
(1) the helicopter’s flight manual requires 2 or more flight crew members; and
(2) the helicopter has a certificated seating capacity of 10 seats or more excluding any required pilot seat.
A holder of an air operator certificate must ensure that each of its helicopters with a certificated seating capacity of 10 seats or more excluding any crew member seat is equipped with a flight data recorder in accordance with paragraph B.4 of Appendix B.
Each holder of an air operator certificate must ensure that each of its turbojet or turbofan powered aircraft is equipped with a third presentation of attitude.
