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(a) A fixed obstacle that extends above an approach surface within 3000 m of the inner edge or above a transitional surface must be marked and, if the runway is used at night, lighted, except that—
(1) such marking and lighting may be omitted when the obstacle is shielded by another fixed obstacle; or
(2) the marking may be omitted when the obstacle is lighted by medium-intensity obstacle lights, Type A, by day and its height above the level of the surrounding ground does not exceed 150 m; or
(3) the marking may be omitted when the obstacle is lighted by high-intensity obstacle lights by day; or
(4) the lighting may be omitted where the obstacle is a lighthouse and an aeronautical study indicates the lighthouse light to be sufficient.
(b) A fixed object that extends above an obstacle protection surface must be marked and, if the runway is used at night, lighted.
(c) Vehicles and other mobile objects, excluding aircraft and aircraft servicing equipment and vehicles used only on aprons, on the movement area of an aerodrome are obstacles and must be marked and, if the vehicles and aerodrome are used at night or in conditions of low visibility, lighted.
(d) Elevated aeronautical ground lights within the movement area must be marked so as to be conspicuous by day. Obstacle lights must not be installed on elevated ground lights or signs in the movement area.
(e) All obstacles within the distance specified in Table F-1, from the centre line of a taxiway, an apron taxiway, or aircraft stand taxilane must be marked and, if the taxiway, apron taxiway, or aircraft stand taxilane is used at night, lighted.
| Aerodrome Reference Code Letter | Taxiway other than aircraft stand taxilane, centre line to object (metres) | Aircraft stand taxilane centre line to object (metres) |
|---|---|---|
| A | 16.25 | 12 |
| B | 21.5 | 16.5 |
| C | 26 | 24.5 |
| D | 40.5 | 36 |
| E | 47.5 | 42.5 |
| F | 57.5 | 50.5 |
(a) All fixed objects to be marked must, whenever practicable, be coloured, but if this is not practicable, markers or flags must be displayed on or above them, except that objects that are sufficiently conspicuous by their shape, size, or colour need not be otherwise marked.
(b) All mobile objects to be marked must be coloured or marked with display flags.
Markers displayed on or adjacent to objects must be located in conspicuous positions so as to retain the general definition of the object and must be recognizable in clear weather from a distance of at least 1000 m for an object to be viewed from the air and 300 m for an object to be viewed from the ground in all directions in which an aircraft is likely to approach the object. The shape of markers must be distinctive to the extent necessary to ensure that they are not mistaken for markers employed to convey other information, and they must be such that the hazard presented by the object they mark is not increased.
(a) Flags used to mark objects must be displayed around, on top of, or around the highest edge of, the object. When flags are used to mark extensive objects or groups of closely spaced objects, they must be displayed at least every 15 m. Flags must not increase the hazard presented by the object they mark.
(b) Flags used to mark fixed objects must not be less than 0.6 m square and flags used to mark mobile objects, not less than 0.9 m square.
(c) Flags used to mark mobile objects must consist of a chequered pattern, each square having sides of not less than 0.3 m. The colours of the pattern must contrast each with the other and with the background against which they will be seen. Orange and white or alternatively red and white must be used, except where such colours merge with the background.
(a) The presence of objects which must be lighted, as specified in Appendix F.1, must be indicated by low-, medium- or high-intensity obstacle lights, or a combination of such lights.
(b) Type C low-intensity obstacle lights must be displayed on vehicles and other mobile objects excluding aircraft.
(c) Type D low-intensity obstacle lights must be displayed on follow-me vehicles.
